Phase balancer



Aug. 25, 1925.

a. e. LAMME PHASE BALANGER Filed Jan. 24, 1921 INVENTOR WITNESSES:

fizzydmm'fiwzmwa Patented Aug. 25, 1925 i UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE- BENJAMIN G. 'LAMME, or rnrrsnnnen, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR o WESTINGHOUSE, ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY; A QOBlQR TIOIN OF PENNSYLVANIA.

\ J. 1" PHASE BALANCER.

I i i Application filed January 24,1921. s m 439,413,

To all whom i may concern: transmission system, the condition of un- Be it known that I, BENJAIMIN G. LAMME, balance being indicated by the single-phase a citizen of the United States, and a resiload 4t. ,The balancer machine 5 consists dent of Pittsburgh, in the county of Alleof a primary member having a polyphase 5 gheny'and State of Pennsylvania, have in Winding 6 and a secondary member having vented a new and useful Improvement in good damper winding 7. If desired, a Phase Balancers, of which the following is 'unidirectional-current-exciting winding 8 a ifi ti may be placed on the secondary member.

My invention relates to phase balancers, It is well-known that an unbalanced poly- 10 and particularly to polyphase dynamo-elecphase system may be resolved into two baltric machines which are adapted for shunt anced-component systems having diiferent connection to an unbalanced polyphase line. phase-sequences. A balancer machine of the In many polyphase transmission systems, class just described, by virtue of its good such as those supplying single-phase raildamper windings, may be made to offer 15 ways, where single-phase, power'may be very low impedance to currents of negat ke f m any or all pha e of the polytive phase-sequence. However, on account phase system or generator, it is desirable of the imperfect magnetic coupling between to have a phase-balancing machine or apthe primary and secondary members of the paratus which will draw energy from one balancing machine, there will be a certain phase and supply energy to another phase reactive impedance tosaid currents of negain order to maintain practically balanced tive phase-sequence,in addition to theimcurrent or voltage'conditions in the polypedance resulting from the ohmic resistphase t ance of the windings. All that is neces- It is well known that a polyphase mosary to accomplish the desired result, there- 25 tor, of either the synchronous or the inore, 1S to introduce an electromotive force duction type, when connected across an un- Winch is displaced practically 90 with rebalanced polyphase system, will tend to ex- Spect to the current but in the opposite crt a balancing action thereon. The perdlrec t the reactance g r pfection of the balancing action is dependtisWell known that a series commutatorout upon the amount of reactance in the type s1ng1e-phase machine will generate an polyphase motor circuits, the balancing acelectromotlve force which is practically in tion being the greater the lower such rephasewlth its field-exciting current. Thereactance. If a balancing motor of zero refore, such a machine, if connected in series actance were connected across a polyphase W1tl1 one of the phases of the polyphase system which supplies a single-phase load, motor, would generate an electromotive such motor would assume all of the un force Which varies practically in proportion balance, and the supply system as a' whole to the current in said phase. However, the would remain balanced. generated electromotive force would besub- It is, therefore, an object of my invenstant ally in phase with the current, where- 40 tionto produce a polyphase motor which as, to neutralize the reactance voltage, it

has extremely low effective reactance. Should be at approximately a 90 phase- A more specifice object of my invention angle thereto. is to neutralize the reactance in each phase According to my invention, therefore, I. of the balancer machine by means of a provide, in series with each phase of the 5 single-phase commutator generator, which primary winding of the phase balancer mais so excited as to produce an electromochine, the commutator of a separately e2;- tive force substantially proportionalto the cited single-phase, commutator-type macurrent and having the correct phase-angle .ichine 10. The exciting winding 11 of each with respect thereto. I w i i machineisenergized by current of substan- 50 The single figure of the drawing is a tially 90 phase-displacement with respect diagrammatic view of apparatus and cir-- to the current in the corresponding phase cuits embodying one form of my invention. "of the balancer substantially proportional Referring to the drawing for a more comthereto. .plete understanding of the invention, I One means for supplying the exciting 55 show, at 1, 2, 3, an unbalanced polyphase current is indicated in the drawing as com- 11o prising a small. induction generator 12 for each phase, said inductlon generator having a primary winding 13, connected in series with the phase-conductor, and a tertiary winding 14, connected to energize the exciting Winding 1-1 of the commutator machine. By thus supplying exciting current shifted 90, the electromotive force of the commutator machine is also shifted 90 with respect to the current in the corresponding phase-conductor.

A small induction machine, used as a phase splitter in the above described arrangement, is equivalent to a series transformer, its tertiary electromotive force I'lS- ing and. falling with the main current. By connecting the commutator machine. 111 the proper direction, its electromotive force may be. made to oppose the reactive electromotlve force of the corresponding phase of the balancer.

If it is found desirable, the magnetic circuits of either the commutator machine or the small induction machine may be so designed as, tobecome saturated under con ditions of excessive overload, in order that the corrective el'l'ect of the commutator machine. may be made to apply only within certain predetermined ranges of load. For excessive overloads, the reactance of the phase balancer would not be decreased materially by this, arrangement, and excessive currents would thus be; prevented,

The choice of a small induction machine, to accomplish the desired phase-splitting function, is only made to. illustrate the principle of my invention. Othermethods of shifting the exciting current 90 are possible, and it is to be understood that my invention covers any equivalent phasesplitting; me ans.

I desire it to be understood also that my invention is, not limited to an exact 90 shift between; the primary and tertiary windings of the small induction machine, as other than 90 positions; may be employed, in order to exactly overcome the reactance voltages of the main machine, under any given conditions.

While I haye shown my invention in the preterred form, it is to. be understood that it is susceptible of various modifications by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, as set ferth the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

l. The combination with a set of poly phase line conductors. subject to unbalanced conditions, ofa phase balance-r, leads for connecting said: phase balancer in shunt across saidline conductors, and an auxiliary nalerphase i rce adaptedto be connected in series with one phase of said leads for neutralizing the internal-impedance electro- IQQIEiYQ 917 6 i said balancer in-said; phase.

2. The combination with a set of polyphase line conductors subject to unbalanced conditions, of a phase balancer, leads for connecting said phase balancer in shunt across said line conductors, and an independent auxiliary means connected in series with each of said leads, each of said auxiliary means being adjusted to neutralize the internal-impedance electromotive force of the balancer in its own phase.

3. The combination with a shunt phase balancer, of meansconnccted in series there with for neutralizing the internal-impedance clectromotive forces thereof, said means being so designed that its neutralizing action is curtailed by reason of magnetic saturation during excessive overloads.

4. In a phase-balancing system, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine having a polyphase primary winding adapted to be connected in shunt across an unbalanced polyphase line, said machine also having a good damper winding for rotation at approximately synchronous speed with respect to said primary winding, of means connected in series with certain of the phasewindings of said machine for neutralizing the internal impedanccs thereof, each of said meanscomprising a single-phase commutator generator having its commutator-winding connected in series with the corresponding phase-winding of the balancer and having a separately excited field winding, and meansi'for exciting said field winding by a current displaced with respect to the current flowingin the armature-winding and proportional thereto.

5. In a phase-balancing system, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine having a polyphase primary winding adapted to, be connected in shunt across an unbalanced polyphase line, said machine also having a good damper winding for rotation at approximately synchronous speed with respect to. said primary winding, of means connected in series with certain of the phase-windings of said machine for neutralizing the internal impedances thereof, each ofsaid means comprising a single-phase commutator generator having its commutator-winding connected in series with the corresponding phase-winding of the balancerand having a separately ex cited field winding, and means for exciting said field winding with a current displaced approximately 90 with respect. to the current flowing in the armature-winding and proportional thereto.

6. In a phase-balancing system, the combination with a dynamoelectric machine having a polyphase primary winding adapted to. be connected in shunt across an unbalanced polyphase line, said machine also. having a good damper winding for rotation at. approximately synchronous speed with respect to said primary winding, of means connected in series with certain of the phase-windings of said machine for neutralizing the internal impedances thereof, each of said means comprising a singlephase commutator generator having its commutator-winding connected in series with the corresponding phase-winding of the balancer and having a separately excited field winding, and an auxiliary induction machine having a primary winding connected in series with said commutator' winding and having a tertiary winding displaced with respect to said primary winding and connected to energize the exciting winding of said commutator machine.

7 The combination with a shunt phase balancer, of independent auxiliary means connected in series with the respective primary phase-conductors thereof to neutralize the internal-impedance electromotive forces of the balancer in the respective phases, each of said auxiliary means comprising a single-phase, commutator-type machine having a commutator-winding and a field exciting winding, and phase-modifying means connected in series with said commutatorwinding and energizing said field-exciting winding by current displaced with respect to the current in said commutator-winding and substantially proportional thereto.

8. The combination with an alternating current dynamo-electric machine, of dynamo-electric booster means connected in series therewith and inherently operating to substantially neutralize the internal-impedance electromotive forces thereof during normal-load operation, said means being so designed that its neutralizing action is curtailed by reason of magnetic saturation during excessive overloads.

9. The combination with aninductive reactance device, of dynamo-electric booster means connected in series therewith and inherently operating to substantially neutralize the inductive reactance electromotive forces thereof during normal operation, said means being so designed that its neutralizing action is curtailed by reason of magnetic saturation during excessive current flow.

10. The combination with a single-phase circuit, of a series booster for neutralizing the impedance of a given portion of said circuit, said series booster having a commutator winding connected in series with said circuit and a separately excited field winding, and an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine operating as a phase splitter, said auxiliary machine having a primary winding connected in series-circuit relation with said single-phase circuit and having a tertiary winding connected to said field winding and disposed in such angular relation to said primary winding that the currents delivered to said field Winding have the proper phase and magnitude to cause said commutator machine to overcome both the ohmic and reactive impedance of said portion of the single-phase circuit.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 31st day of December, 1920.

BENJAMIN G. LAMME. 

